Organ-pipe.



W. E. HASKELL.

ORGAN PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. a, 1909.

Patented Aug. 2, 1910.

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WILLIAM E. HASKELL, OF BRA'ITLEBORO, VERMONT, ASSIGNOB, 'IO ESTEY ORGANCOMPANY, OF BRATTLEBORO, VERMONT, A CORPORATION OF VERMONT.

ORGAN-PIPE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. ITASKELL, of Brattleboro, in the countyof Windham and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Organ-Pipes, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention is based upon the discovery that certain tonaleffects can be produced in labial organ pipes by providing them withqualifying complementary chambers which effects have heretofore onlybeen secured by the employment of reeds.

For the purpose of explaining the invention, there will be described alabial organ pipe embodying the principles thereof which produces aclarinet tone. Such pipe is illustrated in the accompanying drawingswhere- 1n Figure l is a front view of the pipe. Fig. 2 is a longitudinalvertical section. Fig. 3 is a detailed front view on an enlarged scaleillustrating the means for altering the fundamental pitch of the pipefor tuning purposes. Fig. 4 is a cross section.

Certain of the features of the illustrated pipe are the same as thoseset forth in United States Letters Patent No. 871,272, November 19,1907, these similar parts being those from the bottom of the pipe up tothe place of its maximum diameter indicated at the point a". The body Aof the pipe tapers and diverges gradually from the mouth C at its lowerend up to this point an. The pipe is shown with a foot B having a toe aand port Z2. Below the mouth is a cup E and opposite the mouth is adraft bridge F. In these respects the pipe is like that of said patent.

The improvement resides in the qualifying complementary chamber G andits relation to the main chamber of the pipeand in the tunin appliances.

The bo y A of the pipe terminates, so far as its fundamental pitch isconcerned, at the vertically elongated lateral opening d. The portion ofthe pipe from this opening down to the bottom constitutes the mainchamber of the pipe. The pipe is extended above this opening d toconstitute the qualifying complementary chamber G. This surmounting andcommunicating complementary chamber may be in one piece with the mamchamber of the pipe, but for convenience of manufacture the two chambersare made in Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 9, 1909.

Patented Aug. 2, 1.910.

Serial No. 482,211.

two pieces united in any usual Way em ployed in connection with metallicorgan pipes, so as to constitute a substantially integral pipe. Theentire pipe is made of the ordinary metallic compositions used in themanufacture of organ pipes. Both chambers are circular in cross sectionexcept where the body is flattened at the mouth. The complementarychamber is open at its top as shown at e, in Fig. 2. The complementarychamber G tapers from bottom to top, substantially as illustrated. Asshown, there is a double convergence, the convergence being gradual orslight for about twothirds of the distance above the top of the lateralopening (Z, and being greater or more abrupt for the remainder of theheight. The complementary chamber can thus be regarded as having agradual converging or tapering body and a conical open top.

The two chambers require independent tuning. The complementary chamberis tuned in a customary manner by means of a tuning slit 7', and atuning roll 9. The main chamber is tuned by means of a split slidingtiming sleeve H which friction-ally embraces the part of the pipe wherethe two chambers join. This tuning sleeve has an upwardly extending rod71, for moving it and it is provided with a circular lateral opening h,which is opposite the elongated slot d. The vertical elongation of theslot (Z, affords opportunity for an adequate range of adjustment.

The fundamental pitch of the pipe is determined by the opening h, in thetuning sleeve; while the pitch of the complementary chamber itself isdetermined by the effective distance between the opening h, and the topof the tuning roll 9.

The effective acoustic height of the complementary chamber is one-halfof that of the speaking or acoustic length of the main chamber.Mechanically, the height of the complementary chamber is more thanonehalf the height of the main chamber, and substantially in theproportion shown in the drawings. This difference between the relativeacoustic and mechanical lengths is due to the flatting effect of thetapering shape of the complementary chamber.

In the case of the pipe producing the clarinet tone, certaincharacteristics are important. The diameter of the opening 71., at theunion or junction of the two chambers, should be the same as the widthof the mouth 0 and, as shown, it is substantially two-thirds thediameter of the pipe at the point where it is located. The tone of theclarinet is composed of a fundamental vibration qualified mainly by theunevenly numbered harmonios, the most prominent of which is the fifthabove its octave.

With the present improved pipe provided with the opening it, of the sizeshown, there is a combination both of the evenly and unevenly numberedharmonics; and the unevenly numbered harmonics which are characteristicof the clarinet are due to the qualifying complementary chamber.

I claim 1. A metallic organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by andcommunicating with an open top qualifying complementary chamber, thepipe having a lateral circular opening at the junction of said chambers,of a diameter substantially equal to the width of the mouth of the pipe,the complementary chamber tapering upwardly and converging firstgradually and then more abruptly, and the effective acoustic height ofthe complementary chamber being one-half of that of the speaking lengthof the main chamber.

2. An organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicatingwith an open top qualifying complementary chamber, the pipe having alateral opening of a width substantially equal to the width of the mouthof the pipe, the complementary chamber tapering upwardly and convergingfirst gradually and then more abruptly, and the effective acousticheight of the complementary chamber being onehalf of that of thespeaking length of the main chamber.

3. An organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicatingwith an open-top qualifying complementary chamber, the pipe having alateral opening at the junction of said chambers, the complementarychamber tapering upwardly and converging first gradually and then moreabruptly, and the effective acoustic height of the complementary chamberbeing onehalf of that of the speaking length of the main chamber.

4:. An organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicatingwith an open top qualifying complementary chamher, the ipe having alateral opening of a Width sugostantially equal to the width of themouth of the pipe, and the effective acoustic height of thecomplementary chamber bein one-half of that of the speaking length 0%the main chamber.

5. An organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicatingwith a qualifying tapering complementary chamber, the pipe having anever open lateral. opening determining the speaking length of the mamchamber, and the effective acoustic height of the complementary chamberbeing one-half of that of the speaking length of the body of the pipe.

6. An organ pipe having a main chamber and a surmounting qualifyingcomplementary chamber constituting an upward extension to the pipe,there being a lateral opening at the union between said chambers, saidopening determining the fundamental pitch of the pipe, and separatemeans for tuning the said two chambers respectively.

7. An organ pipe having a main chamber and a surmounting qualifyingcon1plementary chamber constituting an upward extension to the pipe,there being a lateral opening at the union between said chambers, saidopening determining the fundamental pitch of the pipe, and separatemeans for independently tuning both the body of the pipe and thequalifying complementary chamber.

8. An organ pipe having a main chamber and a qualifying complementarychamber, there being a lateral opening at the union between saidchambers, said opening determining the fundamental pitch of the pipe,and separate means for tuning both of said chambers respectively.

9. An organ pipe having a main chamber and a qualifying complementarychamber and separate means for independently tuning both chambers.

10. An organ pipe having a main chamber with. a mouth at its lower end,a commun'icating qualifying tapering complementary chamber at the top,and an ever open opening where said; chambers join, said openingdetermining the speaking length of the main chamber, and thecomplementary chamber having also an opening at its end.

11. A labial organ pi e having a main chamber with a mouth at 1ts sideat its lower end, a lateral opening above the mouth, and a qualifyingcomplementary chamber communicating with the main chamber at saidlateral opening, said complementary cham ber converging first graduallyand then more abruptly.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM E. HASKELL.

Witnesses:

L. W. HAWLEY, O. N. MORAN.

